Submarine signaling apparatus.



J. SGHIESSLER. SUBMARINE SIGNALING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 12, 1909.

1,099,998; Patented June 1,6, 1914.

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J. SGHIESSLER.

SUBMARINE SIGNALING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 12, 1909.

Patented June 16, 1914.

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UNITED s'rA'rEs PATENT OFFICE.

f JOSEF SCHIESSLERWOEIBADEN, NEAR VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

SUBMAEINE SIGNALING ArrARATUs.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented June 16, 1914.

Application led May 12, 1909. Serial No. 495,527.

ving Apparatus; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and eXact des ,cription of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to lettersor figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of thisspecification.

This invention relates to apparatus described in the specification filedwith the application for U. S. patent on the 8th February 1908, SerialNumber 414,998, for improyfements in submarine signaling apparatus Themain object of the present invention is'to provide improved apparatusfor receiving or picking up syntonized sound signals under water andwhereby the distance of a source of sound or of a point remote from theobserver can be readily determined according to the principle whichconsists in measuring the time between the arrival of light waves i. e.,electrical waves and sound waves which are sent out simultaneously from.the remote point, after which the distance of this point from theobserver is determined by a simple calculation of the time measuredmultiplied by the velocity of sound.

The apparatus for registering the time is, as a rule, so constructedthat it indicates the time of the beginning ofthe sending out of thesound waves and then the instant of the arrival of the sound waves andalso if necessary it indicates the distance of the object upon a scaleempirically graduated for the normal speed of propagation of sound. Themoment of beginning of the sending out of the sound wave is determinedby the aid of electrical wavesfin which, as is well known, thedifference of time between the- `moment of sending thereof from a remotepoint and the moment of their arrival at the place of observation is soinfinitely small that it is negligible even for the greatest distancesoccurring under such circumstances.

The utilization of electrical-Waves presupposes that a transmitterenabling such waves to be sent out is arranged upon the remote object.

l The sound waves'sent out by a'suitable transmitter such as describedin the abovementioned application, are picked up by a resonator, whichby its vibrations influences a resistance coil heated by a current. Thisresistance element, preferably in the form of a hot wire, is acted uponby the air vibrations produced by the resonator, and therefore increasesand diminishes its resistance according to those vibrations. It isobvious that such an arrangement is avery sensitive one, much more thanthe microphone arrangements heretofore used, as it is well known thathotwires have an extreme sensitiveness with regard to iuctuations of thetemperature and therefore the signaling distance heretofore obtained bymicrophone arrangement, which is about 25 km. can be considerablyincreased. Furthermore, the arrangement is such that the incoming weakwaves are strengthened by a telephone relay if necessary of a kindforming the subject of a previous application for U. S. Letters Patentmade by me on August19, 1908, Ser. No. 449,345.

Referring to the accompanying drawing,

lFigure l illustrates diagrammatically an ar` rangement of apparatusembodying this invention for receiving or picking up signals underwater. Figs. 2` and 3 show details of the clock work used in combinationwith the signaling apparatus. Fig. 4 illustrates the indicating tabletand its connection with the clock work.

' some suitable point at the place of observation, current is sentthrough an incandescent resistance 3 which is mounted in a rotatingreceiving apparatus a placed under water.

The sound detector a is of the' kind fully l described and shown in myco-pending applica-tion Serial N. 414,998. It consists of a casingsubmerged under .water which' is preferably ellip'soid ory ball shaped,rand is proper, including a resonator 7 which isv tightly mounted uponthe inner end of the tube or cylinder 6, and is tuned to a fixed tone.The sound vibrations coming in by the element 6 or transmitted throughsaid element act on the air in the resonator. The air in the resonatoris brought into strong free oscillations,` owing tothe fact that thevibrations transmitted have the same periodA as the resonator.' The airvibrations thus produced when passing the nozzle of the resonator coolthe incandescent resistance 3, which for-ms part of the circuit 1,rhythmically. By these means fluctuations of the resistance in theelement 3 are set up which generate corresponding current iuctuations inthe circuit I. This circuit includes two coils 4 and 5 located above thewater and which are movablyT mounted upon an-airon core common to bothof them. Between these two coils 4 and 5 and upon their iron core isarranged a coil 8 which is connected up in series with an incandescentresist-ance 11 having a positive or negative temperature vcoeiicientwhich is located between conducting wires 11 wound into coils and is fedwith continuous current from plug contacts 9 and 10, connected forexample to a storage battery s. Parallel to the incandescent resistance11, which is arranged, if desired, in a chimney after the manner of aBunsen burner with an adjustable supply of air, lies a Thomsonoscillating circuit which comprises an adjustable self induc'tance coil12 and a variable condenser 13. It is obvious that in case thetemperature coeiicient of the incandescent resistance or hot wire 11 isa positivel one, the oscillation circuit does not act as ahigh-frequency generator, as in the case with a negative coelicient,where the arrangement is that of a Thomson or Duddell circuit, but as aresonator for the oscillations superimposed on the circuit of theincandescent resistance, and has to be adjusted according to thefrequency of these oscillations. The reinforcement or strengtheningtakes place in the main circuit by the iuctuations ofl heat, whichincrease in quadratic proportion to the current and in direct proportionto the resistance according to the well known law of Joule.

The telephone 16 in circuit III which acts as a lter, is magnetically i.e., inductively coupled to this oscillating circuitby means of a swltch15 and through secondary coils 14. This inductive coupling may howeverbe carried out exactly as between the circuits I andEiII (the circuitsof the microphone and of the telephone relay),that is to say withadjustment to resonance. The telephone 16 can however be coupled onelectrically, z. e., capacitatively or purely galvanically, z. e.,conductively.

In front of the telephone 16 arranged in the circuit III, a tuning fork17 is so arranged in a circuit b which is fed from .a battery 22 thatwhen the tuning fork v1- brates the circuit is closed. The said deviceforms simply a so-called resonance relay. By this arrangement afiltering of the oscillations can be obtained, that is to say, that onlyoscillations of well defined frequency can pass the circuit III. Thearrangement of the telephone 16 and the tuning fork 17, which acts, asabove stated, as a -resonance relay, is interposed between the telephonerelay and the. clock-actuating circuit so that oscillations other thanthose of the definite frequency can by no means pass. An energizing ofthe clockmagnets, by oscillations not produced by the signals, isthereby prevented.

I do not wish to limit my invention to the use of an apparatusconsistingl of a telephone and a tuning` fork, as it is obvious thatother resonance relays may be used with the same ei'ect and withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention.

vBy closing the circuit of the contact device of the said resonancerelayan electromagnet arranged within the clock work 23 is energizedwhich actuates a releasing device herinafter described, by means ofwhichk the pointer of the clock work is immediately set back to zero andthe previous condition of the pointer isV registered electromagneti- Acally by making visible a mark and the current in the circuit throughthe clockwork cause a bell 20 to ring.

Referring now to the clockwork 23 the` following is to be observed: Theclock is built as a ships clock, spring driven. The escapement iscompensated so that it willrun true in all climates and uninfluenced bymagnetism. The stop -clock principle is somewhat altered so that the'stopping of the hand is omitted and the -control of the clock isaccomplished by electrical impulses. The clock after starting is drivenmechanicall until a second current impulse returns the and to zeroposition. For this purpose there are arranged in the clock twoelectromagnets e and e', Fig. 2, that operate to start andI stop theclock similar to a stop clock or watch and also close the circuit ofsignals 46 and 47. The armature26 of the electro- .magnet e is pivotedat 26 and has an extension beyond the pivot point that is moved into andout of the path of the teeth on the periphery of the balance wheel 27The circuits of the clock device andthe indicator 'which constitute thecircuit IV of Fi 1 are illustrated more fully in Fig. 4. T e tele'-phones 16 andY 25 Vtogether with ,the tuning forks 17 'aid'24'whichforni the 'resonance relays; are" 'manned byl R and Wifi this fi ure. The"`resonance relay R`,'Fig. 4, closes circuit 28 upon 'operationof 'the wireless similarresonance relayR' is actuated and circuit 290ivbattery 45 is closed vto energize the V magnet el that'attracts it'sarmature `30 pivoted at 30a Aand whosel extension beyond the pivot pointis moved into the path of the teeth of the balance wheel' 27 to stop theclock In the rim of the clock dial, Fig. 3, arjemovable" contacts 31,'capable of being urged outward bythe hand z' against springs 32.' Thesprings 32 'are provided with platinum points'capable of engaging theplatinum points of spring contacts 33 toy close an electric circuit.Eaclispring 3 3 is electri- 'cally connected to' a drop 'of'anannunciator andthe circuits which are in parallel are supplied 'from abattery' common'to all of them.'4 The' annunciator T 'has sixty secondsdrops numbered 0 to 59 and ten minutes dro s numbered 1 to 10, F ig.4."When the cloc is released by thel wireless mechanism the hand operatesthe movable contacts 31 in succession to close the drop circuits insuccession, energizing the electromagnets'or windings 34, 35'to' releaseythe d'ropslc The zero do'pand the'( 0""s'econ'dl drop are operatedfrom'the sainerv drop circuit. The zero drop k 'carriesv an extension`37that bridges nolj'mally 'open contacts 38 of a circuit CountingXthe'winding ''electromagnet 35 of a minute deep i hand z haseomplete'd'its revolution it again operates' the zero 60 minute'contact31and the/'circuit thereof is again closed, butinasmuchas' this" drop is'down and closesft'he branch circuit "containing winding 35, thiswinding' wil'be energized 'upon'the second operation'of the zero contactto release drop 60.4 ",'llhis dropkfffor the 60th second bridges theopen contacts'llt) of a second parallelmoi` branch circuit containing,the winding or electro-magnet 36 that controls the minute dropli;2 andthe first minutedrop is actuated. Aft'er the drps'have' fallen they areraised in""a"we l l known manner.

Fig. `4` illustrates-therelations of clock and annunciato'r- T. `Theclock contact wires are unit'd'i'n'a cable 41 leadin to the annuncinf'r;Arancia' saine-udec in theretur-fi wir@ 43 sap'plies'the current' foricfuating" annnciator TL' In the circuits 28 and`2f9'ae sources of cl'1;'rr ent"4l 1 and 45, here shown asbatte'ries.' Fo'r 'indicating to'the @ancetre-'rception tf sirenas antillais.

:Now when the secondsthere is provided a circuit 48 having a b atterysignal 46 and lamp-and for in4 icatlng -the arrival of sound there is acircuit 49 having a battery 51 and signal 47 and lamp different fromthose in circuit 48. The minute'drops are suliicient in number for allpractical purposes since the propagation of sound in water is 1435meters per second so that in 60 seconds the distance will be kilometers,especially in View of the fact that' the practical limit oty all other.-submarine signals based on the propagatlon of sound is about 30kilometers., As alreadyl stated, electrical waves which are sent outfrom the remote point are utilized to signal the beginning of thesending out of the sound waves? To enable this toV be effected,

i 1435 60=86100 meters or 86.1 kilometers f and for ten minutes'thedistance Will be 861 the battery 22 also feeds a second circuit c whichis connected to the former circuit b at the distributing orjunctionpoints 18, 19 and includes in series the clockwork device 23, a bell 21of a different tone to that of the bell 2O and a tuning fork 24. Infront of the' tuning fork 24 in a'circuit V which acts as a filtersimilar to circuit III is arranged the hearing receiver 25 of a wirelessapparatus which, by means of a telephone relay, can likewise be causedto strengthen the reproduction of the transmitted sounds.

The' telephone is as shown arranged in a y circuit V including coils 53,54 which are inluenced by an intermediate coil 55 arranged in a relay oramplifying circuit VI, which includes a current source 56, an adjustableresistance 57 and a variable condenser 58 in series with the said coil;abridge 59 of the said circuit contains a glowing resistance forinstance an arc lamp 60 between vtwo electromagnets '6l and 62.- 'lhesaid circuitl is inductively influenced by means of induction coils 63,64, from the antenna system 66 of any known kind. Supposing now' the arirangement according to Fig. 4 be inserted in Fig. 1', instead of thecircuit marked IV where the resonance relays 16,' 17 ,and 24,25

are substituted by relays of identical construction marked R and R' inFig. 4, the

operation is as follows: The electrical oscil- 2 lations being thecarriers of the Signals, are

first received bythe antenna 66 which forms part of the antenna systemVII. From there they are transmitted to the circuit VI of the telephonerelay. preferably includes an incandescent resist-v ance of positive orof' negative temperature coeiiicient suitably arranged in the strongmagnetic field of the electro-magnets 61 and 62 in series with saidincandescent resistance. The oscillations set up in the incandescentresistance `pass through the' oscillation-cir# `cuit rincludingthe'adjust'able self induction 5 7 and the adjustable capacit-y 58, and

are then suitably transmitted to the circuit This telephone relay V ofthe "resonance relay. The said Jresonance relay, as has been-previouslymentioned, consists of a telephone and a tuning fork connected andarranged substantially in the manner described in my (zo-pendingapplication Serial No.- 495526.

The relay R (Fig. 4) closes the circuit 28 in which battery 44 isincluded, whereby the magnet e. (Fig. 2)` is energized, which releasesthe clock 23 and closes the circuit 48 of the optical or acousticalsignal device46. Upon the release of the clock the pointer of theclockwork device, which stands at zero, begins to move forward inseconds exactly as in the case of known second clocks for measuring thevelocity of sound, etc. This hand closes a contact at every second, allof these sixty contacts being connected in parallel. At each closing ofa contact a drop at the' annunciator on which the distances are marked,is operated. In the meantime sound waves from the remote point, thevelocity of which amounts to about 1435 meters per second, are still onthe way. When they arrive at the receivers they pass through the tube orelastic metal rod 6 and cause the resonator 7 tuned to the samefrequency as the incoming vibrations to vibrate conjointly therewith.These vibrations of the resonator influence the resistance coil 3 heatedby the current by cooling down or in the case of suitable action on'theradiation, by heating up and thus set up fluctuations of resistance andcurrent which are analogous to the vibrations of the resonator and whichare transmitted to both the coils 4 and 5 and in consequence thereofvary the magnetic field thereof to correspond. A microphone may also beobviously inserted. instead of the glowing resistance coils,.7. e.,thermophone. The fiuctuations,

which are of themselves very weak, may be strengthened in a twofold way.Firstly by increasing the resistance variations, which of themselves aresmall, by an external constant force. This is accomplished by increasingthe cooling down by' a constantly supplied current of air, theincandescent coil arranged in a chimney, i. e., after the manner of aBunsen burner, either causing the blast of air itself by the ascent ofthe heated air or the air may be drawn away or fresh air forced in, by arotary turbine pump or the like. Secondly these vibrations of thecircuit I, z'. e., the microphone circuit, are transmitted to thecircuit II of a telephone relay ldescribed in the specification of U. S.application Ser. No. 449,345 by magnetic inductive coupling wherein thecoil 8 ofthe strong current is mounted between the movable coils 4 and 5on the same iron core, whereby all the lines of force pass through thecoil 8. The strong current circuit II is taken from the terminals 9, 10and contains eitherra positive or a negative in'- candescent resistancethe supply wires of which are wound into a coil and inductivelyinfluence the likewise solenoid-like wound incandescent resistance. Thecurrent fluctuations -set up in the coil 8 by induction are transmittedto the negative or positive incandescent resistance and strengthened byexternal forcesnamely by the cooling down of the same and by the actionof the magnetic fields of the conductor wires wound into a coil, theiniiuences being mutual. A further strengthening is effected by theThomson`(Duddell) oscillating circuit. By magnetic, 21's., inductive,coupling either in known transformer 'connection shown or analogous tothe connection of the coils 4, 8, 5 the vibrations thus. strengthenedare transmitted to the telephone 16 which excites the harmonized tuningfork 17. Instead of the tuning forks 17 and 24 a monotelephone relaytuned to the same tone may also be used. The resonance relay thus formedby the coperation of. the telephone and the tuning. fork which is markedR in Fig. 4, closes a circuit 29 to 'stopthe clock, the pointer of whichwill The position of the spring back to zero. pointer at the time it wasstopped will be indicated in the manner previously described, by meansof an indicating liap or tablet upon which the product of the veloc ityof sound multiplied by the time, (that is the distance in kilometers orin nautical miles) is inscribed. At the same time, and likewise byelectromagnetic action the bell 46, which still continues to ring, iscut out of circuit, and the other bell, 47 (together with the opticalsignal) having a different tone is switched into circuit, whereby thearrival of the sound waves is immediately signaled.

The number of seconds which have elapsed y from zero tol the indicationmark gives the duration of time of the sound vibrations. According tothe general formula szc', wherein szdistance, c--velocity of sound (1435meters) and t the number of 'seconds which have elapsed from beginningto end, s is now calculated and fixed upon the mark. This however isonly possible when the transmitting and receiving stations are providedwith a wireless system and when the transmitting station is to be found.When -however this-is not the case, but the signals are only to bepicked up, then the following consideration leads to a workable formula.

-By the classic researches of Tyndall it is proved that the permeabilityof the air to sound is not the same at all times and that one and thesame signal ofconstant intensity will be perceived at one time ata'greater and at another time at a lesser distance.

These diiferences vanish u entirely for the l `conduction of sound 1nwater as water is an therefore a constant quantity. If for eX- ample themaximum sensitiveness or hearing distance for a syntonized receiver be50 kilometers, it may be said that at the instant in which the 'soundsignal is marked by a bell indication, that presupposing that theconditions are normal, the syntonized transmitter is 50 kilometers oft',that is to say that a ship to which the apparatus is fitted just comesWithin earshot the extent of which is a circle With'a radius of 50kilometers. If the sound disappears the distance is naturally greaterthan kilometers. If the syntonized sound transmitter approaches, the aspeed of the vessel can be calculated according to Dopplers principle,aS is set forth in the specification of U. S. application Ser. No.414,998 before mentioned and then, by multiplication with thetimeelapsed since l) the commencement of the observation, the

distance covered by the ship can be determined and which distancesubtracted from the maximum reaching distance, gives the distance of theship. If S denotes the maxi- 3 mum reaching distance, s the distance ofthe ship from the observer, c the speed thereof determined according tothe principle of Doppler and t the time Which has elapsed during theobservation, then s=S-0t. It will be observed that circuit II acts as anamplifying means for circuit I and that circuit III and its pertainingtuning fork 17 acts as a filter for circuit II permitting only definitevibrations to control the stopi ping of the clock. The Wirelessmechanism i is snnilarly arranged the circuit VI beingv f the amplifyingmeans and the circuit V and pertaining tuning fork acting as a filterpermitting only definite vibrations to control l the. startingof theclock.

I claim 1. In a signaling apparatus a clock, a

wireless receiving mechanism including amplifying and filtering means toset the clock in operation, sound receiving mechanism includingamplifying and filtering means to subsequently stop the clock andregistering f mechanism to automatically register the I time intervalbetween the starting and stopi ping of the clock and thereby theinterval i elapsed between the receptionV of the Wireless electricsignal and the` sound signal.

2. In a signaling apparatus a Wireless receiving mechanism, a soundreceiving mechanism, a clock and means to start the clock liduction of adefinite signal and means to stop the clock upon the production of a`definite sound.

3. In a signaling apparatus a Wireless re- `ceiving mechanism includinga telephone, a 'sound receiving mechanism includlng a telefrom theWireless mechanism upon the prophone, a stop clock, means actuated fromthe telephone of the Wireless mechanismand responsive to definitevibrations to start the clock and means actuated bythe telephone of thesound receiving mechanism and responsive to definite vibrations to stopthe clock. .j

4. In a signaling apparatus, a sub-aqueous sound receiver, and anelectric circuit containing an incandescent resistance adjacent saidreceiver and Whose resistance is varied by the vibrations from saidreceiver.v

5. The combination with a stop clock, a Wireless receiving mechanism tostart said clock including amplifying means and filtering means and asound receiving mechanism to stop the clock comprising amplifying meansand filtering mea-ns.;

6. In a signaling apparatus, a submarine sound receiver actuated bysound Waves from a resonator an electric circuit comprising anincandescible resistance in proximity to the receiver Whose resistanceis varied by the vibrations from said receiver,'and an incandescentWinding above Water and an amplifying circuit having a Winding inmagnetic relation to the aforesaid Winding.

7 In a signaling apparatus the combination with a sound receiveractuated by sound lWaves from a resonator, an electric circuitcomprising an incandescible resistance in proximity to said receiver,and a conical Winding, of a second amplifying circuit containing aWinding in proximity to the aforesaid Winding, a variable condenser andadjustable resistance and a resistance connected across said circuit andparallel with the condenser and adjustable resistance, said resistancecooled by a current of air.

8. In a signaling apparatus, a submarine sound receiver, an electriccircuit containing two adjustable windings, a core common to both ofthem, and an incandescent Winding adjacent said receiver, an independentamplifying circuit containing a Windlng on said core, an adjustablecondenser and adjustable resistance and an incandescible resistancecooled by a current of air across said circuit and in parallel with thecondenser and adjustable resistance, a telephone circuit including atelephone, in inductive relation to the amplifying circuit, a tuningfork in proximity to the telephone, a clock, and mechanism operated bythe tuning fork to stop the clock.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have. signed;my name in presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses.

JOSEF SCHIESSLER.

Witnesses:

Josnr RUBARDI, ROBERT W. HEINGARTNER.

